The following is an excerpt from my article ‘The Witch, the Bean Feasa, and the Fairy Doctor in Irish Culture’ published in the Lughnasa/Samhain issue of Air n-Aithesc, a peer-reviewed CR journal available here: http://www.magcloud.com/browse/issue/779616?__r=486121
What is particularly worth noting though is the connection between Irish and Scottish witches and fairies, something that is shared with bean feasa and fairy doctors, as all three Irish folk magic practitioners are believed to gain their occult knowledge and some of their power from the Fair Folk. While the latter two use the knowledge they gain from the Other Crowd to heal or cure magical afflictions, the witch uses her fairy-given knowledge to harm. The witch knows how to use elfshot, and does so in ways that – according to the Scottish witch trial records anyway, which we must look to given the scarcity of Irish witch trials – seem to have been an attempt to use supernatural power where social power was lacking. What we find often in the Scottish trial records is socially marginalized women using fairy knowledge to curse or harm people in higher social classes or in positions of power (Hall, 2005). Often in these trial records we see witches confessing to making deals with or consorting with fairies, going to fairies for knowledge, and going to them to obtain elfshot (Hall, 2005). In the Irish we see witches, like fairies, taking the form of hares in order to steal milk from the cows and this may indicate another connection between the two (O hOgain, 1995). So similar was Irish witchcraft and fairy enchantment that one of the reasons to call in a fairy doctor was to ascertain which of the two was the source of ill luck or other magical problems so that the proper cure could be administered.
The terms bean feasa and fairy doctor are often used interchangeably and indeed there is at best a fine difference between the two. It is highly likely that the two terms, one in Irish one in English, originally were applied to a singular type of practitioner; however in the modern source material we do see a nuanced difference between how the two terms are used. The bean feasa is often called to find lost objects and discern through divination the cause and cure of ailments, from illness to butter failing to churn, whether the cause is mundane or magical (O Crualaoich, 2005). The fairy doctor, on the other hand, is called when fairy involvement is known or suspected, especially relating to afflictions caused by them, or when witchcraft is suspected, in order to discern the best cure (Wilde, 1991). The ban feasa was said to never teach her magic to others or preform her charms in front of people, while the fairy doctor could teach others, particularly passing her knowledge on to her child (Wilde, 1991; Locke, 2013). One might argue that the bean feasa is more of a general practitioner while the fairy doctor is a specialist, but both derive knowledge and power from their relationship with the Other Crowd.
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